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Hyperthyroidism in Cats: Signs, Treatment Options and Costs

An overactive thyroid is common in older cats. The classic signs, how it's diagnosed, and the four treatments: medication, radioactive iodine, surgery and diet.

Updated October 2026 · 8 min read · By the Hushku editorial team · 2 sources

Short answer

Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common hormone disorders in middle-aged and older cats. The classic sign is weight loss despite a big appetite, often with thirst, restlessness and vomiting. It's very treatable: options are daily medication, radioactive iodine (cures about 95% of cats, per Cornell), surgery or an iodine-restricted diet.

Key facts

  • The classic sign is weight loss despite a big appetite.
  • Radioactive iodine cures about 95% of cats within 3 months.
  • Medication controls it but needs lifelong dosing and blood tests.
  • Treatment can unmask kidney disease, so kidneys are monitored.

Definition

Hyperthyroidism is overproduction of thyroid hormone, usually caused by a benign growth (adenoma) of the thyroid gland. Excess hormone speeds up the metabolism and strains the heart and other organs.

Because it often starts slowly in older cats, owners may put the early signs down to age. Untreated, hyperthyroidism can lead to heart disease, high blood pressure and blindness, so a vet check is worth it for any older cat that's losing weight.

Diagnosis is usually straightforward: a blood test shows a high T4 level in most cats, and your vet may feel an enlarged thyroid in the neck. Because hyperthyroidism can mask kidney disease, your vet will check kidney function before and during treatment.

Signs and symptoms

  • Weight loss despite eating more
  • Increased thirst and urination
  • Restlessness, yowling or night-time activity
  • Vomiting or diarrhoea
  • Unkempt, matted or greasy coat
  • Fast heart rate

Causes and risk factors

  • A benign thyroid growth in most cats (rarely cancer)
  • The exact trigger is unknown; it's linked to age

Treatment

  • Anti-thyroid medication (tablets or a gel rubbed on the ear), usually lifelong
  • Radioactive iodine: a single treatment that cures most cats, with a hospital stay of a few days
  • Surgery to remove the affected gland
  • A prescription iodine-restricted diet fed exclusively

Choosing a treatment

OptionProsCons
MedicationInexpensive to start, available everywhereDaily, lifelong; side effects in some cats; regular blood tests
Radioactive iodineCures about 95% of cats with one treatmentHigher upfront cost; specialist centre; 3–5 day hospital stay
SurgeryOften a permanent cureAnaesthetic risk in older cats; risk to parathyroid glands
Iodine-restricted dietNo pills or proceduresMust be the only food; less suitable for cats that hunt or live with other cats

Kidneys and hyperthyroidism

Excess thyroid hormone increases blood flow to the kidneys and can hide kidney disease. Once hyperthyroidism is treated, kidney values may rise. Your vet will monitor this, and may trial medication first before a permanent treatment.

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Sources

  1. Cornell Feline Health Center: Hyperthyroidism in cats
  2. Cornell Feline Health Center: Chronic kidney disease

We check guides against veterinary sources and update them when guidance changes. How we write and review.

Questions.

How long can a cat live with hyperthyroidism?

With treatment, many cats live for years. Outlook depends on age, other conditions such as kidney disease, and the treatment chosen.

Can hyperthyroidism in cats be cured?

Yes. Radioactive iodine cures about 95% of cats within three months, and surgery can also be curative. Medication and diet control it but don't cure it.

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